Stereoautograph



Dec. 11 1923.

w. SANDER STEREOAUTOGRAPH Filed Nov. 11. 19 20 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 11 1923.

W. SANDER STEREOAUTOGRAPH Filed Nov; 11 5. Shets-Sheet 2 m% H W m/mien M fwm,

Dec. 11 1923. 1,477,082

W. SANDER STEREOAUTOGRAPH Filed NOV. 11 1920 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Dec. 11 1923. W. SANDER STEREOAUTOGRAPH Filed Nov. 11. 1920 5 sheetswsheet 4 w. SANDER STEREOAUTOGRAPH File 11, 1920 5 Sheets-$11661, 5

Emma/ 30m Patented Dec. 11-, 1923.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFrrcE.

WILLY SANDER, OF JENA, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR T FIRM OF CARL ZEISS, OF JENA, GERMANY.

STEREOAUTOGRAPH.

Application filed November 11, 1920. Seria1 No. 423,520.

T 0 all 1071 om it may conccwt; Be it known that l. VILLY SANDER, a minzen of the German Empire. residing at Jena,

Germany. have invented a new and useful 6 Stercoautograph, of which the followingis a specification.

The present invention relates to a device which serves for tracing on a plane surface linear elements. to he obtained from a-photostereogram, ot' a spatial form, and which is equipped with a stereo-comparator com-- prising a binocular double microscope with two marks and four slides (A. B. C, and D), and provided with a cross-slide system consisting of three members. viz. a height-slide (A a breadth-slide (B and a depthslide (C the depth-slide forming the lowest member. while the height-slide (A and the breadth-slide (B are disposed next to each other on the depth-slide (C the breadth-slide (13.) being fitted 'with a drawing pencil, which. along with a drawing board fixed to the support of the said cross-slide system. forms a drawing device, furthermore. the slides A and A B and B (7 and B respectively being positively connected together by means of lever sys tems in such a manner that, on the slide D being suitably adjusted, the position of the drawing pencil relatively to the drawing surface corresponds in each case to the horizontal projection of that object-point, the images of which are seen in the stereo-comparator as coinciding with the marks of the microscope, the point of application on the slide B, of the lever system connecting the slides C and l), heing so disposed as lobe adj justahle relatively to the slide 13,. The tour slides A. B. (h and D of the stereo-comparator are designed'for the following purpose. The slide St]'\.t.\,f0l' shifting the microscope or both photograms. or only one ot' the two 'iliotograms, in the heightdirection of the plmtograms. the height-4th rection of each photogram signifying the direction of the section-line of the photogram with the vertical plane. determined by the axis of the objective for taking the photograms. The slide B serves for shifting the microscope. or both photograms. Or. when the slide .Ycarries only one of the two photograms, for shitting this one photogram in the breadth-direction of the photograms, the breadth-direction of each photogram s1 gnlfying that direct-ion which .stands perpendicularly on the height-directure by the name of Stereo-autograph,

and have repeatedly been described. The course. of development of the stereo-autograph may he followed up with reference to the patent specifications 1090494, 1151996, (application Serial No. 425546), (application Serial No. 427865), and (applieation Serial No. 427866). Vhilstthe earlier types of construction, in accordance with Patent 1090494 are only to be'employed for utilizing photograms, at the taking of whichthe so-called normal case was existing. for which the axes of the Ohjectives were horizontal and perpendicular to the baseline, the latter types, such as dealt with in the patent specifications and (applications Serial No. 425546 and Serial No. 427866), permit of utilizing photok grams. at the taking of which the axes of the objectives had any direction into space,

however. with the restriction that only height-lines may be traced.

lly the present invention a stereo-auto graph is being introduced which is adapted for utilizing such photograms without any restriction whatever. and which will therefore permit of the tracing of the course of roads and rivers as well. which is most es sential for making maps of mountainous landscapes.

la the annexed drawing: Figs. 1 and l" show together in plan a first constructional example of a stereo-autograph ac cording to the invention. Figs. Tend '2" are-together a plan view of a second form,

The slide Figs. 3 and 3 are together a plan View of a third form, Figs. 4* and 4 are together a plan view of a fourth form and Figs. 5 and 5" are together a plan view of a fifth form of the improved stereo-autograph.

In the constructional example shown in Figs. 1 and l" a stereo autograph according to Patent (application Serial No. 427866) has thereby been devised as a stereoautograph according to the invention that each of the points of application on the slide B of the lever system connecting the slides C and B and of the lever system connecting the slides B and B respectively, is coupled with the slide A in such a manner that, on the latter being displaced relatively to the slide C, each point of application receive a setting with respect to the slide 13,.

For the stereo-comparator the special case exists that the slide A carries the microscope M, that furthermore the slide B only carries the left photogram and that the slides C and D form a cross-slide system, of

which D is the top slide, carrying the right photogram. The slide D is actuated by a hand-wheel 9 The cross-slide system moving the drawing pencil 2 relatively to a drawing board fixed to the bed-plate G is coupled with the stereo-comparator, and comprises as its lowest slide the depth-slide (1,, which is displaceable in the depth-direction, and on which the breadth-slide B carrying the drawing pencil 2 and the heightslide A are disposed next to each other in k such a manner that the direction of displacement of these two slides lies in the breadthdirection. The cross-slide system A B C is so positioned With respect to the stereocomparator that its breadth-direction coincides with the breadth-direction of the photograms, and its depth-direction with the height-direction of the photograms. The actuating of the stereo-autograph is effected by means of an actuating device. which moves the cross-slide system A B C The height-slide A is displaced by means of a screw-spindle a which receives its motion by means of a bevel-wheel a and from a grooved shaft (l, by means of a bevel-wheel a which is displaceable along the said shaft and coupled with the depth-slide C, by means of a stud (1 The shaft a is actuated by means of a pair of bevel-wheels a and from a foot-disc (1,, which is accessible to the left foot of the observer, by means of further actuating members (omitted in the drawing) which are disposed beneath the bed-plate Gr. The breadth-slide B, is displaced by means of a screw-spindle 6 which receives its motion by means of a bevel-wheel b and from a grooved shaft 5 by means of a bevel-wheel 6 which is displaeeable along the said shaft and coupled with the depth-slide U, by means of a stud 6,. The shaft 6 is actuated by a handspindle 1', d 0 of which the left-hand.

spindle receives its motion by means of a hand-Wheel 0,. which is disposed to the left of the observer and coupled with the said spindle by means of a chain-drive c whilst the right-hand spindle is actuated from the left-hand spindle by means of two pairs of bevel-wheels c and c and'by a shaft. 0,. The positive connection of the cross-slide system A 13,, C with the stereo-comparator is effected by means of a lever system.

For connecting the slides B and B to gether, a double lever d (Z is so disposed on the bed-plate (i as to be rotatable about an axis the two arms 03, and (I, of which lever being of different length and in alinement. The long arm d engages by means of a slot (Z, with a stud this latter appertaining to a slide m which is disposed on the slide B so as to be displaceable in the depth-direction, and which is provided with an index m, to which an index on, of the slide B appertains; When the two indices coincide, the slide m, occupies its zero-posi-. 'tion. The short arm d of the double lever engages'by means of a slot 65 with a stud O of a slide at which is disposed on a small slide (Z so as to be adjustable in the depthdirection. This small slide (Z forms part of the slide B, and is for adjusting purposes so disposedthatit may be set relatively'to this slide in the breadth-direction, a elamping-- screw (Z, being provided for clamping the small slide on the slide B. An index (1 of the slide (Z indicates on a scale d of the small slide d the component set in each case of the distance from the stud to the axis of rotation 0 which component falls into the depth-direction; A clamping-screw (E serves for clamping the slide (1;, onthe small slide d 7 Between the slides A and A the following connection is provided. On the bed-plate G a double lever havlng two arms (2, and e,

of different length,-the inclination of which relatively to one another being adjustable,

axis Q The long arm (2, engages by means of a slot 6 with a stud Q of the slide A is so mounted as to be rotatable about an 0 lies in a plane containing the breadthdirection. The arm (1., of the angle lever has the same length as the arm c. of the double lever. and is parallel to the. same. -It embraces with the other arm of the angle lever an angle of i l)". This arm (3.; engages by means ol' a slot with a stud Q. of a slide (5 which is so disposed on a small slide a, as to be adjustable in the breadth direction. This small slide q, "forms part of the slide A, and may for adjustinp purposes be set relatively to this slide in the direction of displacement of the same. An index 0 of the slide c indicates on a scale a of the small slide 6,, that component set in each case. of the distance from the stud Q to the axis of rotation Q which t'alls'into the breadthdirect-ion. A clamping-screw 0 serves tor clamping the slide c on the small slide c and a se 0nd clamping-screw c for clamping the small slide 0 on the slide A. The part exceeding, 180 of the angle,embraced by the two arms 0 and c of the double lever 0 c and measured from the arm c in cl0cl wise direction. is indicated by an index c of the arm 0 on a graduation 6 of the arm 6 which graduation advances in clockwise direction. A clamping-screw 0 serves for fixing the two arms relatively to one another. An index 5 of the slide A indicates on a scale ot' the slide C the displacements of the Slide A out of its zeroposition in which the arm 0 of the double lever 6 6 is parallel to the depth-direction.

The slides B and C are connected to gether by means ofa double lever 7L h which is mounted on the bed-plate G so as to be rotatable about an axis P,, which, along with the axis of rotation O of the double (1,. (Z. lies in a plane containing the breadth-direction. The two arms h, and 72 of the double lever are of difierent length, and their relative inclination is adjustable. In a slot 71., of the long arm k there engages a stud P which by means of a fourmember slide system may be set relatively to the slide 13.. The lowest slide of this system is a slide i which may be displaced in the breadth-direction and be clamped on the slide B by means of a clamping screw 17 and the displacementsot which are indicated by means of an index 2' on a scale i of the slide T3,. A slide '1' is so disposed on the slide i. that it may be displaced in the depthdirection and be clamped on the slide i by I means of aclamping-screw i andits displacements are indicated by means of an index on a scale i of the shde 2 A third length-slide 27 forms-the top slide of the said system. It may be displaced along a straight-guide 71 of a revolving sllClG i and .is provided with the aforementioned stud P in such a manner that the latter, on the slide 22, occupying its zero-posit on, in which its lndex i coincides with an.mdex a of the straight-guide. lies in the axis of the revolving slide. The revolving slide i is rotatably mounted on the slide i and may be clamped on the latter by means of a clamping-screw 71 An index 1' of the revolving slide indicates on a graduation i of the slide i which graduation advances in counter-clockwise direction, that angle by which the revolving slide isjurned out of its zero-position. in which its straightguide i is parallel to the dept-indirection. When the slide i occupies its Zero-position, the stud P must, along with the axis of rotation P on the slide 2' occupying its zero-position, lie in a vertical plane containing the depth-direction. hen the slide-z" occupies its zero-position. that component of the distance of the stud P from the axis of rotation I which falls into the depth-directi'on must. on the slide 5., occupying its zeroposition, be equal to the corresponding com ponent of the distance of the stud Q from the axis of rotation O, The short arm k of the double lever 72/, I1 engages by means of a slot h with a stud P, of a slide 72. which is disposed on. a small slide 7L6 so as to be adjustable in the depth-direction. This small slide h forms part of the slide C, andmay for adjusting purposes be set relatively to this slide in the breadth-direction a clampingscrew 71 being provided for clamping: the small slide h on the slide 'C. An index h of the slide it indicates on a scale 71., of thesmall slide it that component set in each case of the distance of the stud P from the axis of rotation P which falls into the depth-direction. A clampingscrew {r serves for clamping the slide 72 on the: small slide 71. Thepart exceeding 18 oi the angle. QD'IlJIfiCQd by the two arms /1 and /2 of the. double lever h 72, and measured from the arm h in clockwise di rection is indicated by means of an index 71 ot' the, arm [be on a graduation ll of the arm h which graduation advances in clockwise direction. A clamping-screw h serves for fixing the two arms'relatively to one another.

On the slide behind the slide B there is mounted a slide A so as to be displaceable in the breadth-direction. which slide is actuated from the screw-spindle a by means of a screw-spindle a and two pairs of bevelwheels (6., and a in such a manner that its displacement agrees with that of the slide A as regards amountv and direction. this slide A the stud O, is so coupled as to receive, on the said slide (along with theslide A being displaced in the breadthdirection, adispla-cement in the depth-direc tion. which depends on that displacement of the slide A For this purpose a. slide n is so disposed on the slide C as to be dis placeable along two guides o in the depthdirection, which slide n contains, on the one hand, parallel to the breadth-direction a With slot 7%,, in which the stud engages, and, on the other hand, a square pin n which is parallel to the depth-direction, a box be-. ing so disposed that it may be set along this pin, and may be clamped on it by means of a clamping-screw a This box a engages by means of a pin, which in the drawing is to be supposed vertically beneath the clamping-screw ri in a slot n, of a lever a which is mounted so as to be rotatable about a pin a, of the slide A in such a manner that the inclination of its slot a, relatively to the breadth-direction may be varied. The inclination set in each case, is indicated by means of an index n of a lever a on a graduation a of the slide A,', which igradnation advances incounter-clockwise direction. By means of a clamping-screw a the lever a may be clamped on the slide A,'. On the slide C there is disposed so as to be displaceable along two guides 0 in the depth-direction a slide 0,, which contains, on the one hand, parallel to the breadthdirection a. slot 0 in which the stud P en'- gages, and, on the other hand, a square pin 0,, which is parallel to the depth-direction, a box 0 being so disposed that it may be set along this pin 0 and may be clamped on it by means of a clamping-screw 0 This box 0, engages by means of a pin, which in the drawing is to be supposed vertically beneath the clamping-screw 0 in a slot 0 of a lever 0 which is mounted so as to be rotatable about a pin 0. of the slide A in such a manner that the inclination of its slot 0 relatively to the breadth-direction may be varied. The inclination set in each case is indicated by. means of an index 0, of the lever 0 on a graduation 0, of the slide A,. which graduation advances in counterclockwise direction. The lever may be clamped on the slide A, by means of a clamping-screw 0 Y In ordervto get the device ready for use, the following settings are necessary. The index d indicates on thescale d the value cos B,-

The index e indicates on the scale 6,, the value f. The index k indicates on the scale h, the value sin a), measured in the scale of the copy. The index 2' indicates on the graduation i the angle y.

In that case and further on the following lettering has been adopted:

a b base-line, i. e., the line connecting the optical centres of the two objectives.

1 focal length of the two objectives.

5 angle of inclination of the base-line relatively to the horizontal plane (positive,

when the base-line, from the left hand ob-- jective onward, is inclined upwards).

0:: angle of inclination of. the left-hand objective axis relatively to the perpendicular to the base-line, measured in the horizontal projection, (positive. on the left-hand objective axis being turned to the left with respect to the perpendicular to the base line).

5, angle of inclination of the. left-hand objective axis relatively to the horizontal plane (positive. whenthe left hand objectiv axis is inclined upwards).

(i angleof inclination of the right-hand objective axis relatively to the horizontal plane (positive, when the right-hand objective axis is inclined upwards).

T angle of inclination of the two objective axes relatively to one another, meas ured in the horizontal projection positive, on the objective axes being convergent).

The angle 5 is determined'by the equation:

tan B=tan cos y.

When, furthermore, the small slides (i c, and b the slides n, and 0 and the slides of the stereo-comparator are so adjusted that the images of the object-point, indicated by t'he.drawing pencil .2, on the drawing board .2 are seen to coincide with the marks of the microscope m, the device is"; ready for tracing ground planv projections of optional parts of the surface of the spa-"" tial image determined by the two photograms. The tracing is effected by actuating the hand-wheels 5 ,0 and Q15 and the footdisc (1 An actuation of the foot-disc a is only required when tracing a line. the points of which correspond to objectpoints. lying at different heights. The actuation of the hand-wheel (1 only takes place from time to time in order to maintain the stereoscopic effect.

The required coupling of the studs 0, and P with the slide A, may also be realized by a number of other constructions. first place a connection of the slide A, with the studsO and P by means of double levers in connection. with angle leversis thought of. Furthermore. the slide A,.' might be so disposed as to be displaceable in the depth-direction. which would entail a simplification of the lever connection. It would also be expedient to dispense with the lateral slide A, altogether, and to actuate In the slides B- and B and on the slide C of the lever system connecting the slides C and B is so disposed as to be adjustable relatively to the respective slide. According to the invention the first of these two points of application is coupled with the slide A, and the second one with the slide D, in such a manner that a displacement of either of the two slides in the height-direction of the photograms causes a setting of the point of application coupled with it relatively to the respective slide in the same direction. When the slide A carries the microscopefor both photograms, the point of application coupled with the slide D must, in addit1on,be coupled with the slide A in such a manner that, when' the latter slide is displaced in the heightdirection of the photograms, the said point is also set in this direction. Said arrangements also represent typesof construction of the stereo-autograph, W'hlCh are suitable t'or conveniently utilizing photograms, at the taking of which the objective axes were directed into space at will. In the following two such types o t construction may be elucidated.

Figs 2 and 2 of the drawing represent the first of these two types of construction.

The lettering is, as far as is admissible,

taken over from Figs. 1 and 1". For the stereo-comparator the special case exists that the slide A regulates the shifting of the two photograms, that the microscope is rigidly fixed, that the slide Bis disposed on the Slide A 'and carries the left-hand photogram, and that the slides Cland D form a cross-slide system disposed on the slide A, 1) being the top slide and carryin the right-hand photogram. The slide is again to be actuated by hand, by means of the hand-wheel 9, In consideration of the deviations in oonstructionof the stereofitted on a slide ti which is disposed on the slide d so as to be displaceable in. the breadth-direction, and which carries a transverse slideway d in which the small slide d, of the slide B engages by means of. a pin (Z In corresponding manner the slide [L5 is also displaceably disposed on the bed-.

plate G, and the scale h marked on the bed-plate. The clamping screw h serves for clam ing the slide h on the bed-plate. The stud is fitted on a slide k which is disosed on the slide it, so as to be displaceable 1n the breadth-direction, and which carries a transverse slide-way k in which a pin.

71. of the small slide h engages.

Besides, Figs. 2 and 2' show the follo ing alterations as compared with Figs. 1"

and .1". The members, necessar mounted on the slide B and the stud P to the slide 2' so that the slides m 2' and i being superfluous, are discarded. The slide d must during copyin I 4 for coup-' ling thestuds O and P with t e slide A are dispensed with. The stud O is rigidly I not be fixed any more by means of the c amping -screw d to the bed-plate'G, but must be so coupled with the slide A that it receives, on the latter slide being displaced, adisplacement in the depth-direction which depends on the displacement of the slide A. For this purpose in a guiding slot p, of the bedplate G, which slot is parallel to the breadthdirection, a slide p isadjustably-disposed, and may be clamped on the bed-plate G by means of a clamping-screw 2 The slide p carries a turning-bolt 1),, which passes through a slot 17, of the bottom flange of a lever p, containing two superposed'flanges, 7

whereby onthis-bottom flange a slide is to be supposed fitted so as to be adjustable in the slot direction, which slide is provided with a bore, throughwhich the turning-bolt ;0 also passes, so as'to fit tightly, and which slide may be fixed to the bottom flange. The top flange of the lever 72, is provided with two slots. In the'one slot p, there engages a stud p of a small slide 70 which latter forms part of the slide (1,. This ,small slide is for adjusting purposes so disposed that it may be set relatively to the slide (i in the depth-direction, and it may be clamped on the slide d 'by means of a clamping-screw p In the other slot p there engages a stud p of the slide A. An index 9 of the slide p indicates'on a scale p of the bed-plate G the component, falling into the breadth-direction, of the distance of the turning-bolt p from the stud p The scale p is ;.-'lettered in angles. The division of the scale is calculated in such a manner that the distance of a division correspondin to an angle from the division correspon ing to the angle zero is equal to a quotient, the

numerator-of which contains the product-Hots the sine of the angle and of the component,

falling into the breadth-direction, of the distance apart of the studs and p and the denominator of which contains the sum l+sin \Vhen the turning-bolt p, is situated vertically beneath the stud 39 the slide occupies its zero-position, in which its index p indicates on the scale p, the angle zero. When the turning-bolt occupies a position between the two studs 19,, and p a positive angle is indicated.

S'nce the displacement of the slide A, owing to deviating arrangement of the stereocomparator, has changed its sign, the scale 9 of the slide C must be oppositely directed as compared with Figs. 1 and 1 The graduation 6 of the arm 6 advances in counter-clockwise direction. The slide it to be effected in a similar manner as stated,

for the left-hand photogra-m. In a guidingslot g, of the bed-plate G, which slot is parallel to the breath-direction, a slide is adjustably disposed, and may be clamped on the bed-plate G by means of a clampingscrew (1 The slide 9 carries a turningbolt 9 which passes through a slot (1 of the bottom flange of a lever Q6, containing two superposed flanges, whereby on this bottom flange there is a slide to be supposed fitted so as tobe adjustable in the slot direction,which slide is provided with a bore, through which the turning-bolt g also passes, so as to fit tightly, and which may be fixed to the bottom flange. The top flange of the lever 9 is provided with two slots. In the one slotg there engages astud Q8 of a small slide 9 the latter forming part of the slide b This small slide is for adjusti'ng purposes so disposedthat it may be set relatively to the slide it, in the depthdirection, and it may be clamped on the slide k by means of a clamping-screw g In the other slot 9,, there engages a stud 9,, of a slide 9 which is'd isposed on the slide A so as to be adjustable in the direction of displacement of the latter slide, and which may be actuated from the hand-wheel 9 by means of a screw-spindle Q14. Theslide 9 is coupled with the slide D in such a manner that it only takes part in, the displacements of this slide in the depth-direction (hence retains its position with respect to the slide A, when the slide C is displaced). For this purpose the stud g additionally engages in a slide-way g lying in the breadth-direction, of the slide D. An

the product of the sine of the angle q; and

ot' the component,falling into the breadthdirection, of the distance apart of the studs and g and the denominator of which contains the sum 1+sin e. \Vhen the turn and a ositi've angle must be indicated. 7 la 1 s In order to get the device ready for use, the following settings are necessary. The index (Z indicates on the scale (I on the lever 12 being set into the breadth-direction, the value f cos (5,. The index e indicates on the scale 0 the value f. The index in, indicates on the scale 71- on the lever 9a being set into the breadth-direction, the value f'cos B The index 0, indicates on the graduation e the angle (5 graduation 72- the angle 7. The index 72 indicates on the scale p the angle 3, and

the index (1,, on the graduation g the angle {'5 On the scale '5 there is indicated by the index the value 6 cos a e, measuredin the scale of the copy, whilst the index a, indicates on the scale i the value 1) sin oz cos a, measured in the scale of the copy.

hen, fiirthermore, the small slides d e and h and the slides of the stereo-comparator are so adjusted that the images of the object-point, indicated by the-drawing pencil 2 on the drawingboard 2 are seento coincide with the marks of the microscope M, and when besides the set screws (1 and h allset-screws are tightened, the device is ready for tracing ground plan projections of optional parts of the surface of the spatial image determined by the two photograms. The tracing is efi'ected by actuating the hand-Wheels b 0 and 9, and the footdisc a,.', Anactuationof the foot-disc a, is"

only required when tracing a line, the points of which correspond to object-points lying at difierent heights. The actuation of the hand-wheel 9 only takes place from time to time in order to maintain-the stereoscopic In Figs; 3 and 3 the second of the afore said two types of construction is represented. It hows as compared with that of Figs. and 2 merely alterations, necessitated by the slide A of the stereo-comparator carrying the "microscope M instead of the two photograms,

The index h indicates on the by the setting of an image-point therefore requiring the opposite displacement of the slide A, as compared with the setting of the same image-point in the'case of Figs. 2 and 2b the turning-bolt p, is situated vertically be-,

nea-th the stud 12 the slide p occupies its zero-position, in which its index 12 must indicate on the scale 10 the angle zero. \Vhen the turning-bolt is so positioned that its distance from the stud 12,, is greater than the relative distance of the two studs, a positive angle must. be indicated.

The arrangement of the stereo-comparator having been chosen according to the first example (vide Figs. 1 and 1") the coupling between the slides A and A, must also be 'chosen according to the first example. As compared with the second example (Vide Figs. 2 and 2") the sense of direction of the scale 9 and the sense of direction of the division b is therefore altered.

The division of the scale 9, is calculated in such a manner that the distance of a division corresponding to an angle q: from the division corresponding to the angle zero is equal to a quotient, the numerator of which contains the product. of the sine of the angle o and of the component,'falling into the breadtlrdirection, of the distance apart, of the studs g, and 9, and the denominator of which contains the difference l-sin q). \Vhen the turning-bolt 9 is situated vertically beneath the stud 9,, the slide 9 occupies its zero-position, in which its index 9,, must'indicate on the scale Q18 the angle zero. When the turning-bolt is so positioned that its distance from the stud is greater than the relative distance of the two studs, apositive angle must be indicated.

In order that the s ide Q13, which carries the stud 9, engaging in the slot q ot the lever g receives, on the slide D being displaced in the depth-direction, a displace-- ment relatively to the slide A which is equal to the displacement of the slide D but opp0- sitely directed to thejsame- (without displacements of the slide D in thebreadthdirection, caused by displacements of the slide C, affecting the setting of the slide Q13) the screw-spindle 9, which is mounted on the slide A, is provided with left-handed thread and carries at one extremity a. toothed wheel Q19. The latter engages with a toothed wheel {[20, which is mounted on the slide A and in its turn engages in a third toothed wheel g havingthe same division and number of teeth as thewheel g This third toothed wheel is so disposed. that it may be displaced longitudinally on a grooved shaft 922, which is rot-atably mount ed on the bed-plate G, and is parallel to the direction of displacement of the slide A, the said wheel being taken along with the slide A by means of a stud 9 of this slide. By

means of a pair ofbevel wheels Q is causedv the rotation of the grooved shaft 9 which is mounted on the bed-plate G so as to'be parallel to the breadth-direction. A second pair of bevel-wheels Q one wheel of which is so disposed as to be. displaceable longitudinally on the said grooved shaft Q25, and is taken along with the slide C by means of a stud of this slide, transmits the rotation of the said grooved shaft Q25 to a right-1 handed screw-spindle Q23, which aictuates the slide D, and is mounted on the slide C so as to be parallel to the depth direction, in such a manner that the said spindle always receives the same rotation, agreeing as regards amount. and sense of direction, as the grooved shaft Q In order to get the device ready for'use, the same ad'justments are necessary as in the device-shown in the second example.

The operation remains the same.

If the stereo-autograph. has to scrip. for utilizing photograms, at the taking of which the angles of inclination of the objective axes with respect to the horizontal plane were considerably different from one an other, the setting of the slide D has to be effected not only occasionally but more or less continually. In this case it will be recommended to provide for the slide D an automatic setting instead of the setting by hand, which means that then all relations existing, between the plate coordinates and the spatial co-ordinates are automatically maintained, in which manner the manipulation of the stereo-autograph becomes substantially simplified. According to the inven-tion the said automatic setting of the slide D may be realized by a further slide A, being provided on the'slide C of the cross-slide system A B G which slide is so coupled with the slide A that it receives, on the latter slide being displaced relatively to the slide C likewise a displacement relatively to this slide, whereby the-slides D and are positively connected together by zation of the automatic setting of the slide D is attained by providing on the slide C of the cross-slide system A,, 13,. C a further slide which is so to-upled with the slide A, that it. receives, on the latter being displaced relatively to the slide (h, likewise a displacement relatively to this slide, whereby the slides l and A, are positively connected together by means of a lever system, of which the point of application on the slide A, is so disposed as to be adjustable relatively to this slide, and of which the point of application on the slide D is so coupled with the slide that it receives, on the latter slide being displaced in the breadthdirection of the photogram, a settingrelatively to the slide D.

Each of these two solutions becomes simplest as regards construction, if for the stereo-comparator the special case exists that the microscope M is rigidly fixed, and that the slides A and B are intended only for the setting of the lettdiaud photogram.

and the slides C and D for the setting ot the right-hand photo-gram. The first solutionis represented in Figs. 4 and 4 the second solution in Figs. 5 and 5 of the drawing.

Figs. 4 and 4 chiefly differ from Figs. 2 and 2* by the slide 1) being autonnitically set. Further deviating is the slide A only regulating the setting of the left-hand photogram, and the slide D forming the bottom slide of the cross-slide system C, D. This altered arrangement of the stereocomparator only involves the necessity of an alteration of the connection of the lever 7,,

I with the slide D in such a manner that the stud engages in the slot of the lever,

7 is xcd directly to the slide D.

In order to dispense with the manual adjustment of the slide D, the following coupling of the slide A, with the slide D is provided. A slide A, is disposed on the slide 0,, and coupled with the slide A, in such a manner that it receives, on the latter slide being displaced, a displacement in the same direction which is' dependent on the displacement of the slide A,. For this purpose a forked lever 7 is so fitted to a stand of the slide C as to be rotatable about an axis S, the two superposed fork-ends of which lever each being provided with a slot T In the slot of the top fork-end there engages a stud T of the slide A in that of 'the bottom forloend a Stud 1', of a slide 7' which is disposed on the slide A, so as to be adjustable in the depth-direction, and

which may be clamped on the latter slide by means of a clamping screw 1",. The axis of rotation S of the lever r, is so positioned with respect to the slide C, that the lever is parallel to the depth-direction, in the case of the slide A occupying its zero-position, thus in the case of the index 9 indieating on the scale g the value zero. That the angle zero is equal to a quotient, the

numerator of which contains the product of the component, falling into the depth-direction, of the distance of the stud r, from the axis of rotation S and of the difl'erence 1-cos o, and the denominator of which con-' tains the value cos p. hen the 'studs r and 1",, are situated vertically one above the other, the slide 1'', occupies its zero-position, in which its index 7, must indicate on the scale 1, the angle zero. Any displacements of the slide 21,, out of its zero-position must always be so directed as to tend towards the en largement of the distance of the stud 1', from the axis of rotation S.

The slide A, is connected with the slide D by means of a double lever y',, j which is mounted on the bed-plate G so as to be rotatable about an axis R which, along with the axis of rotation Q of the'double lever (2 e. lies in a plane containing the breadth-direction. The two arms j, and j of the double lever are of different length, and their relative inclination is adjustable. In a slot i of the long arm j, there engages a stud R which is disposed on the upper slide of a cross-slide systemvarranged on the slide A the bottom slide is, of which system being so disposed on the slide A, that it may be set in the breadth-direction, and it means of a clamping-screw 70 An index 10 of the slide k indicates on a scale 7;, of the slide A, that value, by which the slide is, is displaced out of its zeroposit-ion. This zeroposition is determined by the stud R, along with the axis of rotation R having to lie in a vertical plane containing the depth-direction, when the slide A occupies its zeroposit-ion, and when the value zero is indicated on the scale 70,. lVhen positive values are indicated on the scale 7a,, the distanceof the stud R, from the stud Q is smaller than in the case of the value zero being indicated. The upper slide k of the crossslide system 7a,, 72 isdisposed on the lower slide 7.7,. so as to be adjustable in the depthdirection. and it may be clamped on the slide Z", by means of a clamping-screw 70,. An index is, of the slide is, indicates on a scale In of the slide in, that value by which the slide k is displaced out if its zero-p0- siti0n.- This zero-position is determined by the stud R along with the stud Q, having breadth-direction, when the slides A, and B occupy their respective zero-position, and when the value zero is indicated on the scale 70,. the scale 70,, the distance of the stud R, from the axis of rotation R is greater than in the case of the value zero being indicated. In

order that during copying the stud R auto-v matically receives, on the slideB being displaced in the breadth-direction, a displacement in the depth-direction, which depends on the displacement of the slide 13 the following coupling of the stud R, with the slide B, is provided. On the slide 0, there is a slide Z so disposed as to be displaceable along two guides Z in the depth-direction, which slide, on the one hand, is provided with a slot Z being parallel to the breadthdirection, in which slot the stud R engages, and on which slide, on the other hand, there is disposed a slide Z which may be set in the depth-direction and may be rigidly connected with the slide Z by means of a. clamping-screw 1,. The said slide Z engages by, means of a pin Z in a slot Z of a lever 1,. which is so disposed that it may be rotated about a pin Z, of the slide B and that the inclination of its slotl with respect to the breadth-direction may be varied. The inclination set in each case is indicated by means of an index I of the lever Z, on a graduation Z of the slide 13,, which graduation advances in counter-clockwise direction. By means-0f a. clamping-screw 1,, the lever Z may be clamped on the slide 13,. The short arm 7', of the double lever 9' j engages by means of a rod j with one arm i, of an angle-lever, which is disposed on the bed-plate Gr so as to be rotatable about an axis R which, along with the axis of rotation R lies in a plane containing the breadth-direction. The arm ot' the anglelever is.ot the-same length as the arm of the double lever. and is parallel to this arm. It embraces with the other ariny' -of the angle lever an angle of 90. The arm i engages by means of a-slot'y' witlra stud R of a slide j which is'disposed on a small slide 'j, so as to be adjustable in the breadthdirection. The said small slide jg, forms part of the slide D, and is for adjusting purposes so disposed that it may be set \Vhen positive values are indicated onl relatively to the slide D in the direction of displacement of'the same. An index j' of the slide i indicates on a scale y' ofthe' small slide 7', the component falling into the breadth-direction. which is set in each case of the distance of thestud R from the axis of rotation B A clamping-screw 3' serves fol-clamping the slide j; on the small slide j,, and a second clamping-screw j, for clamping the small slide 17' on the slide D. The part below 180 of the angle, embraced by. the arms and y'. of the double lever 7',, i and measured from the arm in clockwise direction, is indicated by means of an index 7' of the arm j, on a graduation 7' of the arm j,, which graduation advances in counter-clockwise direction. A- clampingscrew j serves for fixing the two arms relatively to each other.

In order to getthe device ready for use, it is necessary to set the indices (1 0 e 721,2, 72 2' 2' p and 9,, each to the appertaining scale as in the second and third example. In addition, it is requisite to make the following settings. The index 7' indicates on the scale j,, the value The index i indicates on the graduation 7' the angle 6 The index is, indicates on the scale A, the value llsin e cos 'y measured in the scale of the copy. The index k, indicates on the scale k on the double lever (1,, 03 being parallel to the depthdirection, the value b cos 6 sin (a,+ 'y) cos 7 point, indicated by the drawing pencil a, on y the drawing board 2,, are seen to coincide with the marks of the microscope M, and when besides the set screws ai k and is, all set-screws are tightened, the device is ready for tracing ground-plan projections of optional parts of the surface of the spatial image determined.by the two photograms. The tracing is effected by actuating the hand-wheels b and c and the foot-disc (1,.- An actuation of the foot-disc is only necessary when tracing a line, the points of which correspond to object-points lying at different heights.

Figs. 5" and 5 'difi'er from Figs. 4: and 4;" only with regard. to the coupling of the slide A, with the slide D, which shows the following alterations. V a

The scale -i glettered in angles is so computed that the distance of a division corresponding to an angle e from the division corresponding to the angle zero is equal to the product of the component, falling into the depth-direction, otthe distance of the stud r, from the axis of rotation S and of the difference l-cos o. \Vh'en the studs 1' and 7", lie vertically one above the other, the slide 1",, occupies its zero-position, in which its index 1, must indicate on the scale 1' the angle zero. Any. displacements of the slide 1*, out vofits zero-position must always be so directed as to tend towards the lessening of the distance of the stud 7", from the axis of rotation S.

The coupling of the stud It, with the slide B becomes void, but a coupling of the stud R with the slide C must be provided. This coupling must be arranged in such a manner that, on the setting of the slide C in the breadtl'i-direction, the stud It receives a settin dependent on that setting of the slide l, in a direction inclined with respect to the breadth-direction by an adjustable angle-. For this purpose the said stud is not disposed any more directly on the slide 7' but on a slide j which is disposed displaceably along a straight-guide 3' of a revolving slide y' When the slide j occupies its Zero-position, the stud R lies in the axis of the said revolving slide. \Vhen the slide 9' is so positioned, its index j points at a contraindex j of the straightguide j The revolving slide 7' is mounted on the slide j, and may be clamped on this slide by means of a clamping screw 7' an index j of the revolving slide 7' indicating on a graduation j of the slide 7' which graduation advancesm counter clockthe slide C in the following manner.

wise direction. that angle by which the revolving slide is turned out of its zero-position. The zero-position is determined by the straight-guide j having to be parallel to the breadth-direction. On the small slide j, there is a slide 8 disposed so as to be displaceable in the breadth-direction, which slide is provided with a slot a, parallel to the depth-direction, in which slot the stud R engages. The said slide 8 is coupled ivith n a guiding-groove 3 of the small slide j which groove is parallel to the depth-direction, there is a slide .9 adjustably disposed, which may be clamped 0n the small slide by means of a clamping-screw 8 The slide s carries a turning-bolt 8 which passes through a slot .9 of the bottom flange of a lever 8 containing two superposed flanges, whereby on the bottom flange a slide is to be supposed fitted so as to be adjustable in the slot-direction, which slide is provided with a bore, through which the turning-bolt s also passes, so as to fit tightly, and which slide may he fixed to the bottom flange. The

top-flange is provided with two slots. In

the one slot .9 there engages a Stud 8 of a small slide 3, which forms part of the slide This small slide is for adjusting purposes so disposed that it may be set relatively to the slide a, in the breadth-direction, and it may be clamped on the slide a, by means of a clamping-screw 8 In the other slot 8 here engages a stud a of the small slide 71 which appertains to the slide C. By means of an index 8,, of the slide a, there is indicated on a scale a of the small slide the component set in each case. falling into the depth-direction. of the distance from the turning-bolt a to the stud 3 and the edge of the slide D indicates on a scale a of the small slide j, the component set in each case, falling into the depth-direction, of the relative distance of the two studs 8 and a \Vhen the turning-bolt s is situated vertically beneath the stud the slide a, occupies its zero-position, in which its index s must indicate on the scale 8 the value zero. when the turning-bolt s is situated between the two studs 8 and a a positive value is indicated on the scale .9

In order-to get the device ready, for use it is necessary to set the indices (2 e a s: 14$ 37 7 107j147 137 Q11 and 7 each to the appertaining scale as in the fourth exam )le. In addition, it is requisite to make the ollowing settings. The index k indicates on the scale is, the value 7) cos Y sin a. measured in the scale of the copy. 7 The index is, indicates on the scale it the value 3: sin 0: cos 6, measured in the scale of the copy. The index 7' indicates on the graduation i the angle 5 By the index 8 5 there is indicated on the scale a a value J which results from the equation cos @tan' 7 1+c0s 5 tan 7 'of optional parts of the surface of the spatial image determined by the two photo grams. The operation of the device is the same as that mentioned in the fourth example.

I claim:

1. In a device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface. to be obtained from a photo-stereogram, of a spatial form. a bed-platc,-a stereo-comparator comprising a binocular double microscope and four slides A, B, C, and D. a. drawing device comprising three slides A B and C of which C is the bottom member and carries A and B which are disposed next to each other. and furthermore a drawing pencil disposed on the slide B and a drawing board fixed to the said bed-plate. means comprising three lever systems for positively coupling the slides A and A B and B and G and 13 respectively, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and B on the slide B relatively to the latter slide, and means for atively to the slide B on the slide A, being displaced relatively to the slide 0,.

2. Ina device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface, to be obtained from a. photo-stereogram, of a spatial form, a bedplate, a stereo-comparator comprising a binocular double microscope and four slides A, B, C, and D, a drawing device comprising three slides A,, B,, and (3,, of which 0, is the bottom member and carries A, and B,, which are disposed next to each other, and furthermore a drawing pencil disposed on the slide 13,, and a drawing board fixed to the said bed-plate, means comprising three lever systems for positively couplin the slides A and A,, B and 13,, and G and respectively, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and B, on the slide B, relatively to the latter slide, and means for coupling with the slide A, the said point of application as well as the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides B and B, on the slide 13,, so that both points of application receive a setting relatively to the slide 13,, on the slide A, being displaced relatively to the slide (3,.

3. In a device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface, to be obtained from a photo-stereogram, of a spatial form, a bed-plate, a stereo-comparator comprising a binocular double microscope and four'slides A, B, C, and D, a drawing device comprising three slides A,, 13,, and 6,, of which C, is the bottom member and carries A, and B,, which are disposed next to each other, and furthermore a drawing 7 pencil disposed on the slide 13,, and a drawing board fixed to the said bed-plate, means comprising three lever systems for positively coupling the slides A and A,, B and B,, and C and B, respectively, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides B and B, on the slide B relatively to the latter slide, means for coupling the said point of application with the slide A. so that it receives a setting in the height-directionof the 1)hoto-stereogram, on the slide A being displaced in this direction, means for setting both points of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and 13,, each relatively to the appertaining slide, and means for coupling with the slide D the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides G and B on the slide C, so that it receives a setting in the height-direction of the photostereogram, on the slide D and the microscope being displaced relatively to one another in this direction.

4. In a device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface, to be obtained from a photo-stercogram, of a spatial form, a bed-plate, a stereo-comparator comprising a binocular double microscope and four slides A, B,.C, and D, a drawing device also comprising four slides A,, 13,, 0,, and A, of which C, is the bottom member and carries A, and B,, disposed next to each I other, and A,, and furthermore a drawing pencil disposed on the slide 13,, and a drawing board fixed to the said bed-plate, means comprisinc four lever systems for positively coupling the slides A and A,, B and B,, C and 13,, and D and A,, respectively, means for coupling the slide A, with the slide A,, so that it receives a displacement relatively to the slide 0,, on the slide A,being dis placed relatively to (1,, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and B, on the slide B, relatively to .the latter slide, means for coupling with the slide A, the said point of application, so that it receives a setting relatively to the slide 13,, on the slide .A, being displaced relatively to the slide 0,, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides D and A, on the slide A, relatively to the latter slide, and means for coupling the said point of application with the slide 13,, so that it. receives a setting relatively to the slide A,, on the slide B, being displaced relatively t the slide 0,.

5. In a device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface, to be obtained from a photo-stereogram, of a spatial form, a bed-plate, a stereo-comparator comprising a binocular double microscope and four slides A, B, C, a'iid D, a drawing device also comprising four slides A,, B,, C,, and A,, of which C, is the bottom member and carries A, and 13,, disposed next to each other, and A,, and furthermore a drawing pencil disposed on the slide B,, and a draw-i ing board fixed to the said bed-plate, means comprising four lever systems for positively coupling the slides A and A,, B and B,, C and B,, and I) and A, respectively, means for coupling the slide A, with the slide A,, so that it receives a displacement relatively to the slide C,, on the slide A, being displaced relatively to (1,, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides B and B, on the slide B relatively to the latter slide, means for coupling the said point of application with the slide A, so that it receivesa setting in the height-direction of the photo-stereo ram, on the slide A being displaced in this irection, means for setting both points of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and 13,, each relatively to the appertaining slide, means for coupling with the slide D the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and B, on the slide C. so that it receives a setting in the heightdirection of the photo-stereogram, on the slide I) and the microscope being displaced relatively to one another in this direction,

. coupling the slides A and A,,

and D and A, respectively, means means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides D and A, on the slide A, relatively to the latter slide, and means for coupling the said point of application with the slide B,, so that it. receives a setting relatively to the slide A, on the slide B, being displaced relatively to the slide 0,.

(3. In a device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface, to be obtained from a photostereogram, of a spatial form, a bed-plate, a stereo-comparator comprisin 'a binocular double microscope and four slides A, B, C, and D, a drawing device also comprising four slides A,, 13,, C, and A,, of which C, is the bottom member and carries A, and 13,, disposed next to each other, and A,, and furthermore a drawing pencil disposed on the slide T5,. and a drawing board fixed to the said bed-plate, means comprising four lever systems forpositively B and 13,, C and 13,, for coupling the slide A, with the slide A,, so that it receives a displacement relatively to the slide (7,, on the slide A, being displaced relatively to C,, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and B, on the slide B, relatively to the latter slide, means for coupling with the slide A, the said point of application, so that it receives a setting relatively to the slide B,,on the slide A, being displaced relatively to the slide C,, means for setting the point of application of the lever-system connecting the slides D and A, on the slide A, relatively to the latter slide, and means for coupling with the slide C the point of application of the said lever system on the slide D, so that it Qreceives a setting relatively on the slide C being displaced in the breadthdirection of the photo-stereogram.

to the slide D,

7. In a device for tracing on a plane surface linear elements of the surface, to be obtained from a photo-stereogram, of a spatial form, a bed-plate, a stereo-comparator comprising a binocular double microscope and four slides A, B,C, and D, a drawing devicealso comprising four slides A,, 13,, 0,, and A,, of which C, is the bottom member and carries A, and 13,, disposed next to each other, and A,, and furthermore a drawing pencil disposed on the slide 13,, and a drawing board fixed to the said bed-plate means comprising four lever systems for positively coupling the slides A and A,, B and B,, C and 13,, and D and A, respectively, means for coupling the slide A, with the slide A,, so that it receives a displacement relatively to the slide C,, on the slide A, being displaced relatively to C,,

means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides B and B, on the slide B relatively to the latter slide, means for coupling the said point of application with the slide A, so that it receives a setting in the height-direction of the photo-stereogram, on the slidei A being displaced in this direction, means for setting both points of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and 13,, each relatively to the appertaining slide, means for coupling with the slide D the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides C and B, on the slide C, so that it receives a setting in the heightdirection of the ph'otostereogram, on the slide D and the microscope'being displaced relatively to one another in this direction, means for setting the point of application of the lever system connecting the slides D and A, on the slide A, relatively to the latter slide, and means for coupling with the slide Q the point of application of the said lever system on the slide D, so that it receives a setting relatively to the slide D, on the slide C being displaced in the breadth-direction of the photo-stere'ogram,

- WILLY SANDER. \Vitnesses:

PAUL KRUGER, RICHARD HAHN. 

